Titanate is an insoluble particulate compound of titanium and oxygen with crystalline surfaces that bind metal ions. These compounds offer a means to scavenge metal ions in the environment or deliver them in therapeutic contexts, while limiting systemic exposure and toxicity.

The redox properties of some metal ions make them a promising class of metal scavengers for environmental applications; meanwhile, the ability to deliver these ions in a non-toxic manner makes them an attractive vehicle for novel metal-based biotherapeutics. Nevertheless, much work remains to be done in this area.

Compatibility Data Toward Oral & Skin Bacteria

Native Titanates are known to inhibit growth of several oral and skin bacteria species, but not in a cytotoxic, cell-pecific manner. The low cytotoxicity and redox properties of native Titanates may be responsible for the lack of antibacterial activity, though further mechanistic studies are needed.

Cellular Effects of Titanate Compounds

The effects of APT and MST-metal compounds on THP1 monocytes were investigated using cytokine secretion as a cellular effect indicator [3,13]. No cellular response was observed with nominal, near-zero IL6 and IL1b secretion levels; however, when the cells were activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide after exposure to APT-metal compounds, significant enhancement in the secretion of these cytokines was noted.

Small Lithium-Titanate Batteries

Small lithium-titanate batteries are used in consumer electronics, such as laptops and mobile phones, and have a 15 to 1000 mAh capacity. They are safe to use and have excellent charge and discharge cycles, high power density, and long cycle life.